When selecting a site for pond construction, consider taking note of the parameters like topography, soil character, water quality and quantity, flooding and, access or proximity to dwelling units.

Topography

• Select a site with gentle slope to allow filling and draining of the ponds by gravity.
• Wide gently sloping valleys are usually not suitable for construction fishponds.

Water supply

• The water source should be perennial with enough water all the year round to fill the pond and to compensate for losses due to seepage and evaporation.
• Do not supply water to ponds from seasonal rivers and streams.
• Surface water is recommended because it has relatively enough dissolved oxygen than ground water

Soils

• The best soils for fish pond are the sand clay, loamy clay and clay soils.
• Soil that compacts easily is suitable for embankment construction.
• The pond bottom must be able to hold water (have a low porosity) and the soil should contribute to fertility of the water by providing nutrients.
• The best soil for pond construction is the one that has a lot of clay content.

Flooding

• Areas prone to flooding are not suitable for fish pond construction.

Site access and proximity

• Consider placing your fish ponds closer to the house of the farmer for minimizing risks of predation, theft and for easy management.