Module Articles

Tomato

Tomato

Tivibungu ndi matenda

Vidononu

6.1.1. Sabwe/Nyinda za tomatu (Aphididae)

 

  • ArphidsZija zakubiliwira zitonkha maji mu mbewu
  • Mutonda pakupopera mankhwala ya Dimethoate 20wp

 

 

6.1.2. Vibungu

  • Vitulya mani kweniso chimikti cha tomato asni wache mmana
  • Mungavibaya pakupopela Carbary 85wp

 

6.1.3. Root knot nematodes

  • Tuvubungu twakutupiska misisi.
  • Mungatonda mwavyo:
    • Gwirisani nthowa zamampha zaulimi
    • Pandani mbewu zamampha zambula kutupa misisi
    • Feteleza wavyaso pakuyivwile mbewu kupanga misisi yinyaki
    • Kusintha malu ngakulimapu vilimika vinkhonde vevose pakupandapu mbewu nga vingoma
    • Kupopera mankhwala nga ndi Carbofuran (Furadan)

 

Chiziwisu: Alimi aziwi kuti mankhwala ngakubayila tuvibungu utu ngamampha cha sono wakwenera kufumba langizi wa zaulimi.

Sabwi/Nyinda Ziyera Red Spider Mite

  • Tuvidononu ndisuzgu likulu ukongwa M’malawi
  • Tubisama kusi kwa mani, kweni asani twabalana ukongwa tusamilika peposi, mchimiti, vipasu ndi pachanya pa jani.
  • Tubalana liwi ukongwa mwakuti tunanga mbewu munyengu yimana.
  • Tupanga chitatavu cho tubisamamu kutividononu tunyaki kweniso kumankhwala asani mwapope.
  •  Tuvidononuutu tutija m’magulu ngakuoneka nga ntchete pachanya pa mani. 
  • Ivi vipangisa jani kumila

6.1.4.1. Vakwenera kuchita

  • Tiwiki nasale yidu kutali ko kuli mbewu tuvidononu utu.
  • Tipande mbewu zamampha, tizipaske maji ngakukwana kweniso tidile manuwa
  • Tpande mbangi mwakuzingiliza munda, mumbangi mutuwa tuvidononu to tutulya tuvidononu twa tomatu.
  • Zgulani ndikuotcha mbewu zosi zo zili ndi tividononu.
  • Munda wa tomato ujengi wambula dondu.
  • Mbewu zosi zo zajaku asani mwama kukolola wotchani
  • Asani mulimiliya mphatiliya panyaki kukolola musilizi ndi mbewu zosendi tuvidononu kuwopeska kujandaniska
  •  

Chakwenera kuchita: Tuvidononu utu tubalana ukongwa mmalu ngakumila kweniso ngakufunda ukongwa.  Asani mwapanda tomato pafupipafupi muchepeskako suzgu latuvidononu utu chinanga uli viyandaniska matenda nganyaki.

6.1.5. Twabulaula tutuwa

  • Tutulya kuyambila panazale mpaka kukolola.
  • Tupangiska mani ngakukoleka kuja nga ntchete.
  • Tutandaniska matenda.

6.1.5.1. Vakwenera kuchita

Kufesa nasale ndikupanda nyengu yaki.  Vingaja umampha kulima tomato panyengoyo tuwako cha.

 

  • Mmunda muje mbu ndondu
  • Poperani mankwala yakutuliya ku chimiti cha neem
  • Pandani zo tudananazo mphepete

6.2    Matenda nga Tomatu

6.2.1. Chiwawu Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)

  • Mbewu yosi yimila kwambula kuja ya ntcheti panyaki mani kufota
  • Asani kwafuda ukongwa mbewu yosi yitufya.
  •  Mbewu zimila zeche zakubiliwila.
  • Asani mwaswa pakati pa chimiti cha tomato patija pafipa patumajimaji, ndiposu asani mwakamata chimiti cho mwaswa chituwa vinthu vituwa ndi tcheti.
  • Paumalili mbewu Yossi yivunda.

6.2.1.1. Kusamaliya kwaki

  • Asani ziwonekamu mbewu zimana zo zakoleka titene kutuzamu m’munda
  • Tisinthesinthe munda pavilimika vitatu pamwenga vinayi vevosi

6.2.2.  Chiwawu Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum sp. Lycopersici)

  • Mani ngamuphata ngamila ndi kufwa.
  • Mani ngamila panyaki aja ngatcheti mphepeti yimoza pe.
  • Mani ngo ngakokole ngatuwako kuchimiti.
  • Matenda ngati ngatuwa mumbewu pemwangi mu dongu.
  • Ngatanja mudongu lachichenga.
  • It causes most damage on light, sandy soils.

6.2.2.1. Kusamaliya kwaki

  • Kupanda mbewu zozakupiliya kumatenda
  • Pandani mbewu yo njakuzolezgeka
  • Dilani manyowa panyaki lime mdongu
  • Chepeskani kudila feteleza nga nyata

6.2.3. ChiwawuEarly blight (Alternaria solani)

  • Timadonthu twa nthenda iyi tija twakuzingilika cho chilekaniska nthenda iyi ndi zinyaki

6.2.3.2. Kusamaliya kwaki

  • Kupanda mbewu zo zipiliya
  • Pandani mbewu zokuzomelezgeka ndiposo zambula matenda.  Asani mupandengi zime muziwiki mumaji ngakotcha..
  • Sinthanisinthani munda watomatu pakulekakupanda mu mbewu ndi sabola panyaki mabilinganya
  • Jinthani tivimit ndikuphatiliya tomatu
  • Mungapope mankhwala nge ndi Dithane M45
  • If disease is endemic, applied preventative sprays of copper compounds (e.g. copper hydroxide).

6.2.4. Chiwawu Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)

  • Viloda vakuja vakubiriwiri ndi vifipa vituwa mu mani.
  • Mani ngatuwa nga khofi ndikumila kweni ngatija kuchimiti.

6.2.4.2. Kusamaliya

  • Kupanda mbewu zakupiliya
  • Pandani nazale yambula matenda
  • Jinthiliyani tomato ndi kuphatiliya
  • Sinthanisinthani munda

6.2.5. Powdery mildew

 

 

 

 

 

6.2.6. Khati viruses

  • Ngatiyandaniskika ndituvidononu tutuwa pemwangi nyinda.
  • Chizindikilu ndi asani maningaja nga tuwa panyaki ngatcheti
  • Mbewu zikuwa cha ndiposo zipanga chisaka mani nango ndi chimiti vifyololoka.

Reported Viruses in Tomato

  • Tobacco mosaic virus or tomato mosaic virus (TMV or ToMV)
  • Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
  • Tobacco etch virus (TEV)
  • Potato virus-Y (PVY)
  • Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)
  • Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)
  • Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV)
  • Chilli veinal mottle virus (CVMV Or Chivmv)
  • Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)
  • Tomato Big-Bud mycoplasma (TBB)

6.2.6.1. Kusamaliya kwaki

  • Pandani mbewu zozipiliya ndiposo zambula matenda
  • Benekeyani nazale ndi neti.
  • Tuzganipu vovisunga tuvidononu.
  • Tuzganimu ndi kutaya mbewu zo zakoleka ndi matenda.
  • Lekani kupanda tomato mwakulondezgana pamali ngamoza.
  • Kukwewa foja cha m’munda wa tomato

6.2.7. Blossom end rot (Physiological disorder)

 http://ehinga.org/assets/js/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/files/tomatoes%20rot%281%29.PNG

  • Ngayamba chifukwa chakusowa vakulya vinyaki mudongu ndi kudiliya kwambula ndondomeka.
  • Ngako chipasu kwajaliya.
  • Ngatija nga chilonda.
  • Popavunda pamila

6.2.7.2. Kusamaliya kwaki

  • Kuzinula maji cha mbewu po zeche zimana
  • Dilani lime mudongu
  • Dilani feteleza wa mani.